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How to Install GitLab: A Comprehensive Tutorial

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Installing GitLab can seem like a big task, but with the right guide, it’s pretty simple. GitLab is a powerful tool for managing code and projects, and setting it up correctly is the first step to taking full advantage of its features. In this tutorial, we will walk you through the installation process on different Linux systems and using various methods. Whether you are a beginner or looking to refine your skills, this guide has got you covered.

Key Takeaways

  • Learn how to set up your environment for GitLab installation, including checking system requirements and installing necessary dependencies.
  • Understand the steps to install GitLab using APT on Debian-based systems and YUM on Red Hat-based systems.
  • Explore advanced installation methods such as installing GitLab from source and using Docker.
  • Get solutions for common installation issues like permission errors and service startup problems.
  • Compare different package managers like DNF and Zypper for installing GitLab.

Setting Up Your Environment for GitLab Installation

Checking System Requirements

Before diving into the installation, ensure your system meets the basic requirements. You need a VPS running Ubuntu 16.04/18.04, Debian 8/9/10, or CentOS 7. Additionally, make sure you have a regular (non-root) account with sudo privileges. At least 4 GiB of RAM is recommended for a smooth experience.

Updating Your Package List

First things first, update your package list to make sure you have the latest versions of all software. On Debian-based systems, run:

sudo apt-get update

For Red Hat-based systems, use:

sudo yum update

This step ensures that your system is ready to install the necessary dependencies.

Installing Necessary Dependencies

To get your environment ready for GitLab, you need to install some essential dependencies. For Debian-based systems, execute:

sudo apt-get install -y curl openssh-server ca-certificates tzdata perl

For Red Hat-based systems, run:

sudo yum install -y curl policycoreutils openssh-server openssh-clients
sudo systemctl enable sshd
sudo systemctl start sshd
sudo yum install -y postfix
sudo systemctl enable postfix
sudo systemctl start postfix
sudo firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=http
sudo systemctl reload firewalld

Tip: If you plan to send notification emails, you can install Postfix or another mail server. If not, you can skip this step and configure an external SMTP server later.

Installing GitLab Using APT on Debian-Based Systems

For Debian-based systems like Ubuntu, we use the APT package manager. Here’s how you can install GitLab:

First, we need to add the GitLab repository to our system. This is essential because GitLab is not included in the default Debian repositories. Run the following command to add the repository:

curl -s https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ee/script.deb.sh | sudo bash

This command will add the GitLab repository to your system, making it possible to install GitLab using APT.

Once the repository is added, we can proceed with the installation. First, update your system’s package list to ensure you have the latest information:

sudo apt-get update

Next, install the necessary dependencies:

sudo apt-get install -y curl openssh-server ca-certificates

Finally, install GitLab by running the following command. Replace your-server-FQDN with your server’s fully qualified domain name (FQDN):

sudo EXTERNAL_URL="http://your-server-FQDN" apt-get install gitlab-ee

GitLab will be installed and configured on your system.

After installation, you need to configure GitLab to meet your specific requirements. Open the GitLab configuration file using the following command:

sudo nano /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb

In the configuration file, you will find various options that can be edited to customize GitLab. For example, you can set the external URL for your GitLab instance by replacing the following line with your domain name:

external_url 'https://Your_Domain_Name'

Additionally, if you want to enable Let’s Encrypt SSL for your GitLab instance, you can modify the following lines:

letsencrypt['enable'] = true
letsencrypt['contact_emails'] = ['your-email@example.com']

Save and close the file. Then, reconfigure GitLab to apply the changes:

sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure

Remember to replace placeholders with your actual domain name and email address. This ensures your GitLab instance is properly configured and secure.

Installing GitLab Using YUM on Red Hat-Based Systems

Adding the GitLab Repository

First, we need to add the GitLab repository to your system. This will allow you to download and install GitLab using YUM. Open your terminal and run the following command:

curl https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ee/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash

This command downloads and runs a script that adds the GitLab repository to your system. Make sure your system is connected to the internet before running this command.

Installing GitLab

Once the repository is added, you can install GitLab. Run the following commands to update your package list and install GitLab:

sudo yum update
sudo EXTERNAL_URL="http://your-server-FQDN" yum install -y gitlab-ee

Replace your-server-FQDN with your server’s fully qualified domain name. This command will download and install GitLab on your system.

Configuring GitLab for First Use

After installation, you need to configure GitLab. Open the GitLab configuration file located at /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb and make any necessary changes. Once you have made your changes, run the following command to reconfigure GitLab:

sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure

This command applies your configuration changes and starts the GitLab services. You can now access GitLab by navigating to your server’s FQDN in a web browser.

Tip: If you encounter any issues during installation, check the log files located at /var/log/gitlab/ for more information.

Advanced GitLab Installation Methods

Installing GitLab from Source

For those who want more control, installing GitLab from source is the way to go. This method lets you access the latest features and bug fixes. However, it requires more technical know-how and is time-consuming. To get started, clone the GitLab repository and compile the code.

# Clone the GitLab repository
git clone https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss.git

# Navigate to the cloned directory
cd gitlab-foss

# Compile the code
make

Once compiled, GitLab will be ready for installation. This method is ideal for users who need the latest updates and are comfortable with a bit of extra work.

Using Docker for GitLab Installation

Docker offers a streamlined way to install GitLab. It provides an isolated environment, making it easy to update and rollback if needed. Docker is perfect for those who want a quick setup without worrying about dependencies.

  1. Pull the GitLab Docker image:
docker pull gitlab/gitlab-ee:latest
  1. Run the Docker container:
docker run --detach \
  --hostname gitlab.example.com \
  --publish 443:443 --publish 80:80 --publish 22:22 \
  --name gitlab \
  --restart always \
  --volume /srv/gitlab/config:/etc/gitlab \
  --volume /srv/gitlab/logs:/var/log/gitlab \
  --volume /srv/gitlab/data:/var/opt/gitlab \
gitlab/gitlab-ee:latest

Docker simplifies the installation process, making it a great choice for those who want to get GitLab up and running quickly.

Installing Specific Versions of GitLab

Sometimes, you might need a specific version of GitLab for compatibility reasons or to use a feature that was changed in a later version. You can install specific versions either from source or using package managers like APT or YUM.

Installing Specific Versions from Source

To install a specific version from source, check out the appropriate tag before compiling the code. For example, to install GitLab version 13.12.4:

# Clone the GitLab repository
git clone https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/gitlab-foss.git

# Navigate to the cloned directory
cd gitlab-foss

# Check out the appropriate tag
git checkout v13.12.4

# Compile the code
make

Installing Specific Versions with APT

To install a specific version using APT, specify the version number in the installation command. For example, to install GitLab version 13.12.4:

# Update your system's package list
sudo apt-get update

# Install GitLab version 13.12.4
sudo apt-get install gitlab-ee=13.12.4-ee.0

This method ensures you get the exact version you need without any hassle.

Installing specific versions can be crucial for maintaining compatibility with other tools and systems.

Using these advanced methods, you can tailor your GitLab installation to meet your specific needs, whether it’s having the latest features or ensuring compatibility with your existing setup.

Troubleshooting Common GitLab Installation Issues

Installing GitLab can sometimes be tricky. Here are some common problems you might face and how to fix them.

Alternative Package Managers for GitLab Installation

Using DNF for GitLab Installation

If you’re on a Fedora-based system, DNF is your go-to package manager. First, update your system’s package list:

sudo dnf update

Next, install the necessary dependencies:

sudo dnf install -y curl policycoreutils openssh-server openssh-clients postfix

Add the GitLab package repository to your system:

curl https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ee/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash

Finally, install GitLab by setting your server’s fully qualified domain name (FQDN) and running the installation command:

sudo EXTERNAL_URL="http://your-server-FQDN" dnf install gitlab-ee

Using Zypper for GitLab Installation

For openSUSE and SUSE Linux Enterprise, Zypper is the package manager you’ll use. Start by updating your package list:

sudo zypper refresh

Install the required dependencies:

sudo zypper install -y curl policycoreutils openssh-server openssh-clients postfix

Add the GitLab repository:

curl https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ee/script.rpm.sh | sudo bash

Then, install GitLab with your server’s FQDN:

sudo EXTERNAL_URL="http://your-server-FQDN" zypper install gitlab-ee

Comparing Different Package Managers

Different package managers offer unique benefits. Here’s a quick comparison:

Package Manager Best For Command to Update Command to Install GitLab
APT Debian-based systems sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get install gitlab-ee
YUM Red Hat-based systems sudo yum update sudo yum install gitlab-ee
DNF Fedora-based systems sudo dnf update sudo dnf install gitlab-ee
Zypper openSUSE/SUSE systems sudo zypper refresh sudo zypper install gitlab-ee

Using the right package manager can make your GitLab installation smoother and more efficient. Choose the one that fits your system best.

By following these steps, you can easily install GitLab using the package manager that suits your operating system. This guide provides a comprehensive walkthrough for installing GitLab on a server, covering everything from running the installer to initial configuration.

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the basic requirements to install GitLab?

To install GitLab, you need a server with a supported Linux distribution, root access, and a stable internet connection. You also need to ensure your system meets the minimum hardware requirements, which include sufficient CPU, RAM, and disk space.

How do I add the GitLab repository on a Debian-based system?

To add the GitLab repository on a Debian-based system, you can use the following command: `curl https://packages.gitlab.com/install/repositories/gitlab/gitlab-ee/script.deb.sh | sudo bash`. This script will automatically add the necessary repository to your system.

What should I do if I encounter ‘Permission denied’ errors during installation?

‘Permission denied’ errors usually occur due to insufficient user privileges. Make sure you are running the installation commands as a root user or use `sudo` to gain the necessary permissions.

Can I install GitLab using Docker?

Yes, you can install GitLab using Docker. Docker provides an isolated environment which makes it easier to manage and update GitLab. You can follow the official GitLab Docker documentation for detailed steps.

How do I troubleshoot if the GitLab service is not starting?

If the GitLab service is not starting, check the logs for any error messages. Common issues include incorrect configurations or insufficient system resources. You can also try restarting the service using `sudo gitlab-ctl restart`.

Is it possible to install specific versions of GitLab?

Yes, you can install specific versions of GitLab by specifying the version number during the installation process. For example, on a Red Hat-based system, you can use `sudo yum install gitlab-ee-` to install a particular version.

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