Step-by-Step Guide: How to Install Git on Windows

by Devop · 20/08/2024

Installing Git on Windows can seem tricky, but it’s easier than you think. Git is a popular tool that helps you keep track of changes in your code. Whether you’re working on a small project or with a team, Git makes collaboration smooth. This guide will walk you through each step to get Git up and running on your Windows machine.

Table of Contents

Key Takeaways

Downloading Git for Windows is the first step. Make sure to choose the right version for your system.
Running the Git installer involves extracting the files and following the setup wizard.
During installation, you can configure settings like server certificates, line endings, and terminal emulators.
Customizing your Git installation allows you to change the default branch name, select a text editor, and enable system caching.
After installation, verify your setup by running basic Git commands and creating a test repository.

Downloading Git for Windows

Choosing the Right Version

First, you need to pick the right version of Git for your Windows system. If you’re using a 64-bit system, download the 64-bit version. For 32-bit systems, grab the 32-bit version. Always go for the latest version to ensure you have the newest features and security updates.

Where to Find the Installer

Head over to the official Git website at git-scm.com. This is the most reliable source for downloading Git. Look for the download link for Windows and click on it. The site will automatically suggest the best version for your system.

Starting the Download

Click the download link, and your browser will start downloading the installer. This might take a few minutes depending on your internet speed. Once the download is complete, you’re ready to move on to the installation process.

Running the Git Installer

Extracting the Installer

First, locate the downloaded Git installer file. Double-click it to start the extraction process. The installer will unpack the necessary files and prepare for the installation. This step is crucial to ensure all components are ready for setup.

Launching the Setup

Once the files are extracted, the setup wizard will launch automatically. Click ‘Next’ to proceed through the initial welcome screen. The wizard will guide you through the installation steps, making it easy to follow along.

Following the Installation Wizard

Review the License: Read through the GNU General Public License. When ready, click ‘Next’.
Choose Installation Location: The default location is usually fine. Click ‘Next’ to continue.
Select Components: Leave the default components selected unless you have specific needs. Click ‘Next’.
Start Menu Folder: Accept the default start menu folder and click ‘Next’.
Select Text Editor: Choose your preferred text editor from the drop-down menu. Notepad++ is a popular choice, but you can select nano or Vim if you prefer a CLI editor.
Initial Branch Name: The default branch name is ‘master’. Unless your team uses a different convention, leave it as is and click ‘Next’.
Adjust PATH Environment: Keep the recommended middle option selected and click ‘Next’.
Select SSH Client: Git comes with its own SSH client. Leave the default option and click ‘Next’.
Server Certificates: The default option is recommended. If you’re in an Active Directory environment, you might need to switch to Windows Store certificates. Click ‘Next’.
Line Ending Conversions: The default selection is recommended for Windows. Click ‘Next’.
Terminal Emulator: The default MinTTY is recommended for its features. Click ‘Next’ to continue.
Git Pull Behavior: The default option is usually best. Click ‘Next’.
Credential Helper: Select the default credential manager and click ‘Next’.
Extra Options: Enable file system caching and symbolic links if needed. Click ‘Next’.
Experimental Features: For stability, do not install experimental features. Click ‘Install’.
Finish Installation: Once complete, you can view the Release Notes or launch Git Bash immediately. Click ‘Finish’ to exit the wizard.

Configuring Git During Installation

Setting Up Server Certificates

When you reach the server certificates step, the default option is usually the best choice. This option ensures that Git will use the built-in certificates, which is suitable for most users. However, if you work in an Active Directory environment, you might need to switch to Windows Store certificates. Make sure to select the option that fits your needs and click Next to proceed.

Choosing Line Endings

The line endings configuration is crucial for cross-platform projects. The default setting is recommended for Windows users, as it converts line endings to the Windows style. If you are collaborating with developers on different operating systems, this setting helps avoid issues with line endings. Simply leave the default option and click Next.

Selecting a Terminal Emulator

Git offers a choice of terminal emulators during installation. The default option, MinTTY, is recommended for its features and ease of use. If you prefer to use the Windows Command Prompt, you can select that instead. Choose the terminal emulator that you are most comfortable with and click Next to continue.

Customizing Your Git Installation

Changing the Default Branch Name

When setting up Git, you can change the default branch name from ‘master’ to ‘main’. This aligns with the latest industry standards. To do this, simply select the option during installation. This small change can make your repositories more modern and inclusive.

Selecting a Text Editor

Git allows you to choose your preferred text editor. You can pick from options like Notepad++, Vim, or even the default Windows Notepad. This choice is crucial because it determines where you’ll write your commit messages. Go to either Git > Settings on the menu bar, or to Tools > Options to personalize and customize your Git settings.

Enabling System Caching

System caching can speed up your Git operations. During installation, you have the option to enable this feature. It helps in making your Git commands run faster by caching file system data. This is especially useful if you work with large repositories.

Customizing your Git installation can make your workflow smoother and more efficient. Take the time to set it up according to your needs.

Verifying Your Git Installation

Running Basic Git Commands

After installing Git, it’s crucial to ensure everything is working correctly. Open your terminal or Git Bash and type git --version. This command will display the installed Git version. If you see a version number, congratulations! Git is installed correctly. If not, you might need to reinstall Git.

Checking the Git Version

To double-check the installation, you can also run git version. This command should return the same version number as before. Consistency here is key. If the version numbers match, your Git installation is verified.

Creating a Test Repository

Now, let’s create a test repository to make sure everything is functioning. Open your terminal and navigate to a directory where you want to create the repository. Run git init to initialize a new Git repository. You should see a message saying, "Initialized empty Git repository." This confirms that Git is set up and ready to use.

Remember, the default path is “c:\program files\git“. If you want the software installed in a different location, click browse and specify a different folder. Click next …

Launching Git on Windows

Using Git Bash

After installing Git, you can find Git Bash on your desktop or in the Start menu. Click on the icon to open it. Git Bash provides a command-line interface similar to Unix, making it a favorite among developers.

To verify your installation, type:

git --version

This command will display the installed Git version, confirming that Git Bash is ready for use.

Using Git GUI

Git GUI is another way to interact with Git. You can find it on your desktop or in the Start menu. Click on the Git GUI icon to launch it. This interface is more user-friendly and visual, making it easier for those who prefer a graphical representation of their version control activities.

Switching Between Interfaces

You can switch between Git Bash and Git GUI based on your needs. Git Bash is great for those who are comfortable with command-line interfaces, while Git GUI is perfect for visual learners. Both tools offer the same functionality, so choose the one that suits you best.

Setting Up Your First Repository

Initializing a Repository

First, open Git Bash. Navigate to the directory where you want to create your repository. Use the command git init to initialize a new Git repository. This command sets up all the necessary files and folders for Git to start tracking changes.

Adding Files to the Repository

Once your repository is initialized, you can start adding files. Use the touch command to create a new file, like touch text.txt. Then, add this file to the Git index with git add text.txt. If you have multiple files, you can add them all at once using git add ..

Committing Changes

After adding your files, it’s time to commit your changes. Use the command git commit -m "Your commit message". The -m option allows you to add a message describing the changes. This step is crucial as it helps you keep track of what changes were made and why.

Pro Tip: Always write clear and concise commit messages. This will make it easier to understand the history of your project.

Now you’re ready to start working on your project and pushing your first project to GitHub!

Starting your first repository is a big step in your coding journey. It’s easier than you think! Follow our simple guide to get up and running quickly. For more detailed instructions and tips, visit our website. You’ll find everything you need to become a repository pro.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is Git?

Git is a tool that helps you track changes in your code. It’s used by developers to manage and collaborate on code projects.

Where can I download Git for Windows?

You can download Git for Windows from the official Git website. Just go to git-scm.com and click on the download link.

How do I check if Git is installed on my computer?

Open a command prompt or Git Bash and type ‘git –version’. If Git is installed, it will show the version number.

What is Git Bash?

Git Bash is a command-line tool for Git. It provides a Unix-like shell on Windows, making it easier to use Git commands.

Can I use a different text editor with Git?

Yes, during the installation, you can choose your preferred text editor. You can also change it later using Git settings.

Is Git free to use?

Yes, Git is free and open-source. You can use it without any cost.